Question:

My paediatrician referred me to an eye specialist when my daughter was 1 month and 2 weeks old because he thought her squint was quite pronounced. The doctor said it was normal, come back when she is 6 months. She is now 3 months and the squint is very pronounced. I recently took her to a paediatric opthomologist who told me that she has strabismus and amblyopia. He has started us on occlusion therapy, with a review in 10 days time. He said she is also long sighted (about 400 degrees and that she would require surgery when she turns one as strabismus is not a condition she will outgrow. My questions are:
1) Was it too early at one month for the first eye specialist to detect strabimus? 2) Is surgery required in all strabismus cases ? In view of my daughter's age, is there any likelihood that with occlusion therapy she will be cured? 3) Should I seek a second opinion?

Thank you.
C Chua

(C Chua)

Answer:

Dear Chua,

First, I wonder what you mean by "long sighted". Do you mean farsighted ? And did the pediatric ophthalmologist found +4.00 farsightedness ? Then your daughter would be a candidate for early glasses, because one of the reasons for the convergent strabismus is that, as she lacks the glasses, she has to focus already 4 dioptres when looking in the distance, and focusing (accommodation) always goes together with convergence (eyes moving towards nose). Certainly before surgery the glasses would have to be worn because, otherwise, only the angle of squint would be measured (and operated !) that your daughter has during focusing. The focus fluctuates without the glasses, however, and so will the angle of squint. The occlusion therapy (patching the good eye several hours each day) is the most important part of the treatment: This cures the amblyopia and, accordingly, she will later be able to see with either eye. It is not likely that your daughter has developed depth perception, as she squint at the time that binocular depth perception develops. Note that the occlusion only cures the amblyopia. The surgery is primarily cosmetic. It can be done at an early age (USA) or at age 2 or 3 (more common in Europe). The slight differences that result from operating early or late are not all that important to you. Suffice it to say that in Europe we have a multi- centre study going on comparing the two: the proponents of early surgery say that binocular vision and depth perception is better when operating early, whereas opponents say that later surgery is more precise. When operating late you need, on average, less operations and the treatment of the amblyopia is easier. In 2002 we will know the answer. Seeking a second opinion is not necessary, your daughter seems to be in good hands with the pediatric ophthalmologist.

Yours truly,

(Herb Simonsz, MD, PhD)

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